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The aim of this article is to analyse the legal status of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, an entity operating within the system of higher education and science. The study explores the Academy’s origins, its legal form and role it plays within the system of higher education and science, and its rights and obligations under the law. The findings presented in the paper allow for drawing conclusions...
The aim of the paper is to analyse how the term ‘appellate measure’ is interpreted in the Polish doctrine of criminal procedure law and, in particular, to assess the accuracy of the assumption that the possibility of recognising a particular means of indictment of a decision as an appellate measure is determined by its normative features. Based on the analysis of the characteristic features of each...
This article explores the Brazilian legal system in light of recent proposals to amend the antiterrorism law, a move amplified by the country’s political instability, which culminated on 8th January 2023, when supporters of the former president invaded government buildings on the pretext of contesting election results. The essay examines whether these amendment proposals align with the principles...
The conscience clause, sometimes also referred to as the right to conscientious objection, is based on the possibility of refusing to comply with a binding legal norm due to its non-conformity with the indications of conscience of the person who invokes its content. Commonly derived, especially in Poland, from Article 53 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, this clause initially applied...
Labour compliance is essential to protect workers’ rights and promote sustainable, responsible and effective business development. It necessitates continuous preparation of preventive compliance reports on occupational risks, usually requiring studies and their timely updates, risk analysis, training oriented resource management, and training of workers and managers. Greater self-regulation, such...
The article is aimed at examining the admissibility of reopening cassation and reopening proceedings concluded with a decision to dismiss the extraordinary appeal measure. To this end, the article explores provisions on proceedings reopening (Articles 540 and 542 § 3 CCP), with particular focus on the term ‘court proceedings concluded with a final decision’ used by the legislator, and juxtaposes this...
Criminally relevant conduct often falls under several criminal precepts, regulating as many criminal notions as possible, and it is necessary to decide whether all, some or only one of them could be applicable. This phenomenon, termed ‘conflict’, occurs when a subject’s actions with criminal relevance are, wholly or partially, subsumed under different criminal precepts. To definitively classify the...
This paper analyses the role played by the notion of legal interest as a criterion for decisions on criminalisation and, according to some scholars, as an element of criminal offence. First, the analysis tallies the impact of legal interest on criminal policy, focusing on the correlation between this concept’s definition and underlying political theories. Subsequently, the article explores difficulties...
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